Language Learning
Definition:
The conscious and deliberate effort to acquire a new language, either through formal learning or self-study.
Characteristics:
- Requires instruction or guided learning.
- Focuses on grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.
- Possible emphasis on memorization and drill.
- The learner understands that learning is happening.
Language Acquisition
Definition:
The natural and subconscious processes of acquiring a native language or languages by children without any formal instruction.
Characteristics:
- It is a natural process through exposure and interaction with language in day-to-day situations.
- There is unconscious imitation and recognition of patterns.
- Focuses on communicating and understanding rather than on formalized rules.
- The learner is not normally aware of any such process.
Similarities and Differences:
Similarities:
- Both lead to being able to use a language for communication.
- Vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation are learned in both ways.
Differences:
- Intentionality: Language learning is conscious, while language acquisition is subconscious.
- Age: Language acquisition takes place in early childhood, whereas language learning may take place at any stage of life.
- Environment: Language acquisition generally occurs naturally, while this is rarely true for language learning.
- Self-awareness: The learner generally realizes what learning processes he/she is using whereas in language acquisition, awareness is largely lacking.
- Effort: Language acquisition is generally easy to learn or requires little conscious attention while language learning takes a lot of hard work and conscious effort.
Factors Affecting Language Learning and Acquisition:
- Age: Children acquire languages with more ease than adults.
- Immersion: When one is exposed to native speakers and authentic language materials.
- Motivation: The greater the desire to learn, the greater the chances are of one’s success.
- Cognitive skills: Memory and attention span, as well as analytical ability, all help in making the learners successful.
- Teaching and learning techniques: Those effective methods of teaching facilitate language acquisition and learning.
Significance of Language Learning and Acquisition:
- Better communication and understanding of cultures.
- Cognitive benefits (for example, enhanced memory and better problem-solving).
- Employment opportunities and competition in a more global context.
- Preservation of cultural heritage and linguistic diversity.